Abstract
Objective: Exposure to food advertising is associated with consumption. Globally, most outdoor food advertisements feature unhealthy foods or beverages. As Australian local government areas (LGAs) begin developing restriction policies, the feasibility of applying nutrient-based Nutrition Classification Systems to outdoor advertising requires evaluation.
Design: Observational study on 1) types of food business advertisements outdoors and 2) availability of quantitative nutrition and/or ingredient information for featured products. 178 outdoor advertisements were analysed, from a 500m audit around schools in 16 stratified LGAs (2019), along with bus shelter audits in four LGAs (2022). Advertisements were categorised as featuring ‘branded packaged products’, ‘food service product - chain’, ‘food service product - independent’, ‘branding only’, or ‘incidental food/beverage’. For packaged or food service advertisements, online searches were conducted to identify product-specific nutrition information.
Setting: Metropolitan Perth, Australia.
Results: Advertisements featured packaged products (34% of advertisements); food service products - chain (21%); independent (16%); incidental food/beverage (18%); and branding only (11%). Nutrition information was located for 70% of packaged products and 68% of chain food service advertisements. Independent food service outlets provided no nutrition data and rarely depicted identifiable products. Overall, nutrition information was available for 45% of advertisements, and ingredient information for 35%.
Conclusions: The limited availability of quantitative data constrains the application of nutrient-based nutrition classification systems. A system based primarily on food categories, with nutrient limits for some categories, and a robust approach to brand advertising likely offers a practical and impactful approach for LGAs seeking to restrict unhealthy outdoor food advertising.
Keywords
food classification, local government, marketing, nutrient profiling, public health
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
1-1-2026
E-ISSN
14752727
ISSN
13689800
Publication Title
Public Health Nutrition
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
School
Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute / School of Medical and Health Sciences
Funding Information
This study was funded by a Healthway Health Promotion Grant (number G-202402-86292). Healthway had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. The study was also supported by a Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund, Near Miss Award (grant number WANMA2023Ideas/7). GT was supported by a Stan Perron Foundation People and Platforms Grant and an Edith Cowan University Vice Chancellor’s Professorial Fellowship. CP was supported by the Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund (Grant ID WANMAEL2025-26/2).
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Recommended Citation
Pulker, C. E., Klug, F., Trapp, G. S., Sartori, A., McIntosh, M., Bivoltsis, A., McStay, C., & Whitton, C. (2026). Restricting outdoor advertising of unhealthy food: feasibility of using a nutrition classification system in Australia. Public Health Nutrition, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980026103322