Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased risk of the development of the metabolic syndrome at five years: Results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab)
Document Type
Journal Article
Keywords
25 hydroxyvitamin D, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, adult, age, article, Australia, Australian, blood pressure measurement, body mass, cholesterol blood level, cohort analysis, controlled study, diet restriction, disease association, educational status, ethnic group, female, follow up, glucose blood level, high risk population, human, incidence, insulin resistance, kidney function, latitude, male, metabolic syndrome X, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, physical activity, population research, priority journal, prospective study, season, sex, smoking habit, triacylglycerol blood level, vitamin blood level, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin supplementation, waist circumference, Adult, Australia, Blood Glucose, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Life Style, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Waist Circumference
Publisher
Endocrine Society
Faculty
Faculty of Computing, Health and Science
School
ECU Health and Wellness Institute
RAS ID
15223
Abstract
Context: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration has been inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the relationship between 25(OH)D and incident MetS remains unclear. Objective: We evaluated the prospective association between 25(OH)D, MetS, and its components in a large population-based cohort of adults aged 25 yr or older. Design: We used baseline (1999-2000) and 5-yr follow-up data of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Participants: Of the 11,247 adults evaluated at baseline, 6,537 returned for follow-up. We studied those without MetS at baseline and with complete data (n = 4164; mean age 50 yr; 58% women; 92% Europids). Outcome Measures: We report the associations between baseline 25(OH)D and 5-yr MetS incidence and its components, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, family history of type 2 diabetes, physical activity, education, kidney function, waist circumference (WC), and baseline MetS components. Results: A total of 528 incident cases (12.7%) of MetS developed over 5 yr. Compared with those in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (≥34 ng/ml), MetS risk was significantly higher in people with 25(OH)D in the first (/ml) and second (18-23 ng/ml) quintiles; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.41 (1.02-1.95) and 1.74 (1.28 -2.37), respectively. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with 5-yr WC (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.01), fasting glucose (P < 0.01), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001) but not with 2-h plasma glucose (P = 0.29), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.70), or blood pressure (P = 0.46). Conclusions: In Australian adults, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased MetS risk and higher WC, serum triglyceride, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance at 5 yr. Vitamin Dsupplementation studies are required to establish whether the link between vitamin D deficiency and MetS is causal.
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Gagnon, C., Lu, Z., Magliano, D., Dunstan, D. , Shaw, J., Zimmet, P., Sikaris, K., Ebeling, P., & Daly, R. (2012). Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased risk of the development of the metabolic syndrome at five years: Results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97(6), 1953-1961. Available here