Document Type
Journal Article
Publisher
Jossey Bass, Ed. & Pub.
Faculty
Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science
School
School of Medical Sciences / Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care
RAS ID
16896
Abstract
Objective: Biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) can detect the disease pathology in asymptomatic subjects and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but their cognitive prognosis remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of β-amyloid imaging, alone and in combination with memory performance, hippocampal atrophy, and apolipoprotein E ε4 status in nondemented, older individuals. Methods: A total of 183 healthy individuals (age = 72.0 ± 7.26 years) and 87 participants with MCI (age = 73.7 ± 8.27) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study of ageing were studied. Clinical reclassification was performed after 3 years, blind to biomarker findings. β-Amyloid imaging was considered positive if the 11C-Pittsburgh compound B cortical to reference ratio was ≥1.5. Results: Thirteen percent of healthy persons progressed (15 to MCI, 8 to dementia), and 59% of the MCI cohort progressed to probable AD. Multivariate analysis showed β-amyloid imaging as the single variable most strongly associated with progression. Of combinations, subtle memory impairment (Z score = −0.5 to −1.5) with a positive amyloid scan was most strongly associated with progression in healthy individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7–68; positive predictive value [PPV] = 50%, 95% CI = 19–81; negative predictive value [NPV] = 94%, 95% CI = 88–98). Almost all amnestic MCI subjects (Z score ≤ −1.5) with a positive amyloid scan developed AD (OR = ∞; PPV = 86%, 95% CI = 72–95; NPV = 100%, 95% CI = 80–100). Hippocampal atrophy and ε4 status did not add further predictive value. Interpretation: Subtle memory impairment with a positive β-amyloid scan identifies healthy individuals at high risk for MCI or AD. Clearly amnestic patients with a positive amyloid scan have prodromal AD and a poor prognosis for dementia within 3 years.
DOI
10.1002/ana.24040
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Comments
Rowe, C., Bourgeat, P., Ellis, K., Brown, B. M., Yen Ying, L., Mulligan, R., Jones, G., Maruff, P., Woodward, M., Price, R., Robins, P., Tochon-Danguy, H., O'Keefe, G., Pike, K., Yates, P., Szoeke, C., Salvado, O., Macaulay, S., O'Meara, T., Head, R., Cobiac, L., Savage, G., Martins, R. N., Masters, C., Ames, D., & Villemagne, V. (2013). Predicting Alzheimer disease withβ-amyloid imaging: results from the Australian imaging, biomarkers, and lifestyle study of ageing. Annals of Neurology, 74(6), 905-913. Available here