Abstract

The rapid improvements in identifying the genetic factors contributing to facial morphology have enabled the early identification of craniofacial syndromes. Similarly, this technology can be vital in forensic cases involving human identification from biological traces or human remains, especially when reference samples are not available in the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) database. This review summarizes the currently used methods for predicting human phenotypes such as age, ancestry, pigmentation, and facial features based on genetic variations. To identify the facial features affected by DNA, various two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)-scanning techniques and analysis tools are reviewed. A comparison between the scanning technologies is also presented in this review. Face-landmarking techniques and face-phenotyping algorithms are discussed in chronological order. Then, the latest approaches in genetic to 3D face shape analysis are emphasized. A systematic review of the current markers that passed the threshold of a genome-wide association (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-face traits from the GWAS Catalog is also provided using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), approach. Finally, the current challenges in forensic DNA phenotyping are analyzed and discussed.

Document Type

Journal Article

Date of Publication

1-3-2023

Volume

14

Issue

1

PubMed ID

36672878

Publication Title

Genes

Publisher

MDPI

School

School of Medical and Health Sciences

RAS ID

56439

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Comments

Alshehhi, A., Almarzooqi, A., Alhammadi, K., Werghi, N., Tay, G. K., & Alsafar, H. (2023). Advancement in human face prediction using DNA. Genes, 14(1), Article 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14010136

Share

 
COinS
 

Link to publisher version (DOI)

10.3390/genes14010136

Link to publisher version (DOI)

10.3390/genes14010136