Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Publisher
IEEE
School
School of Science / Security Research Institute
RAS ID
61897
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China / Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund / Scientific Research Fund Project of Hainan University
Abstract
Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, the practical application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the sixth generation (6G) and future wireless networks is still challenging. Employing low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and hybrid analog and digital (HAD) structure is two low-cost choices with acceptable performance loss. In this paper, the combination of the mixed-ADC architecture and HAD structure employed at receiver is proposed for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, which will be applied to the beamforming tracking and alignment in 6G. By adopting the additive quantization noise model, the exact closed-form expression of the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the HAD architecture with mixed-ADCs is derived. Moreover, the closed-form expression of the performance loss factor is derived as a benchmark. In addition, to take power consumption into account, energy efficiency is also investigated in our paper. The numerical results reveal that the HAD structure with mixed-ADCs can significantly reduce the power consumption and hardware cost. Furthermore, that architecture is able to achieve a better trade-off between the performance loss and the power consumption. Finally, adopting 2-4 bits of resolution may be a good choice in practical massive MIMO systems.
DOI
10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3290075
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
Shi, B., Zhang, Q., Dong, R., Jie, Q., Yan, S., Shu, F., & Wang, J. (2023). DOA estimation for hybrid massive MIMO systems using Mixed-ADCs: Performance loss and energy efficiency. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 4, 1383-1395. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3290075