Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
Publisher
Springer
School
School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
62067
Funders
Australian Federal Government / National Health and Medical Research Council / Enigma Australia / Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions
Grant Number
NHMRC Numbers : APP1132604, APP1140853, APP1152623
Grant Link
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1132604 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1140853
Abstract
Background: Plasma p217+tau has shown high concordance with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of amyloid- (A ) and tau in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, its association with longitudinal cognition and comparative performance to PET A and tau in predicting cognitive decline are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate whether p217+tau can predict the rate of cognitive decline observed over two-year average follow-up and compare this to prediction based on A (18F-NAV4694) and tau (18F-MK6240) PET. We also explored the sample size required to detect a 30% slowing in cognitive decline in a 2-year trial and selection test cost using p217+tau (pT+) as compared to PET A (A+) and tau (T+) with and without p217+tau pre-screening. Design: A prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT). Participants: 153 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 50 cognitively impaired (CI) individuals. Measurements: Baseline p217+tau Simoa assay 18F-MK6240 tau-PET and 18F-NAV4694 A -PET with neuropsychological follow-up (MMSE, CDR-SB, AIBL-PACC) over 2.4 ± 0.8 years. Results: In CI, p217+tau was a significant predictor of change in MMSE ( = −0.55, p < 0.001) and CDR-SB ( =0.61, p < 0.001) with an effect size similar to A Centiloid (MMSE = −0.48, p = 0.002; CDR-SB = 0.43, p = 0.004) and meta-temporal (MetaT) tau SUVR (MMSE: = −0.62, p < 0.001; CDR-SB: = 0.65, p < 0.001). In CU, only MetaT tau SUVR was significantly associated with change in AIBL-PACC ( = −0.22, p = 0.008). Screening pT+ CI participants into a trial could lead to 24% reduction in sample size compared to screening with PET for A+ and 6–13% compared to screening with PET for T+ (different regions). This would translate to an 81–83% biomarker test cost-saving assuming the p217+tau test cost one-fifth of a PET scan. In a trial requiring PET A+ or T+, p217+tau pre-screening followed by PET in those who were pT+ would cost more in the CI group, compared to 26–38% biomarker test cost-saving in the CU. Conclusions: Substantial cost reduction can be achieved using p217+tau alone to select participants with MCI or mild dementia for a clinical trial designed to slow cognitive decline over two years, compared to participant selection by PET. In pre-clinical AD trials, p217+tau provides significant cost-saving if used as a pre-screening measure for PET A+ or T+ but in MCI/mild dementia trials this may add to cost both in testing and in the increased number of participants needed for testing.
DOI
10.14283/jpad.2023.83
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
Feizpour, A., Doré, V., Doecke, J. D., Saad, Z. S., Triana-Baltzer, G., Slemmon, R., . . . Rowe, C. C. (2023). Two-year prognostic utility of plasma p217+tau across the Alzheimer’s continuum. Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 10(4), 828-836. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2023.83