Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics: Influence of biological maturation
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Edwards, T, Weakley, J, Banyard, HG, Cripps, A, Piggott, B, Haff, GG, and Joyce, C. Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics: influence of biological maturation. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2178-2184, 2023-This study was designed to investigate the influence of biological maturation on the longitudinal development of sprint performance. Thirty-two subjects performed 2 assessments of maximal sprint performance that were separated by 18 months. Each sprint assessment was measured through a radar gun that collected instantaneous velocity with the velocity-time data used to derive sprint times and force-velocity-power characteristics. The biological maturity of each subject was assessed using a predictive equation, and subjects were grouped according to predicted years from peak height velocity (circa-PHV: -1.0 to 1.0; post-PHV: > 1.0). A 2 × 2 mixed model analysis of variance was used to assess group × time interactions, and paired t -tests were used to assess the longitudinal changes for each maturity group. No significant group × time interactions were observed for any sprint time or force-velocity-power characteristic. The circa-PHV group experienced significant within-group changes in maximal theoretical velocity (6.35 vs. 5.47%; effect size [ES] = 1.26 vs. 0.52) and 5-m sprint time (-3.63% vs. -2.94%; ES = -0.64 vs. -0.52) compared with the post-PHV group. There was no significant change in the magnitude of relative theoretical maximum force in either group; however, both the circa-PHV and post-PHV groups significantly improved the orientation of force production at the start of the sprint (RFmax [4.91 vs. 4.46%; ES = 0.79 vs. 0.74, respectively]). Considering these findings, it is recommended that practitioners adopt training methods aimed to improve relative lower-limb force production, such as traditional strength training and sled pulling and pushing, to improve sprint performance and relative theoretical maximum force.
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
11-1-2023
Volume
37
Issue
11
PubMed ID
37639654
Publication Title
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Publisher
National Strength and Conditioning Association
School
School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
64647
Copyright
subscription content
First Page
2178
Last Page
2184
Comments
Edwards, T., Weakley, J., Banyard, H. G., Cripps, A., Piggott, B., Haff, G. G., & Joyce, C. (2023). Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics: Influence of biological maturation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(11), 2178-2184. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004540