Epigenome-wide meta-analysis reveals associations between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and DNA methylation in children and adolescents of different body sizes
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
Diabetes Care
Volume
46
Issue
11
First Page
2067
Last Page
2075
PubMed ID
37756535
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
School
Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute
RAS ID
64605
Funders
Joint Programming Initiative-A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life / German Federal Ministry of Education and Research / Medical Research Council / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / Instituto de Salud Carlos III / ZonMw
Abstract
Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with cardiome-tabolic health in children and adolescents, with potential distinct effects in people with increased BMI. DNA methylation (DNAm) may mediate these effects. Thus, we conducted meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm of children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We calculated dietary GI and GL and performed EWAS in children and adolescents (age range: 4.5–17 years) from six cohorts (N = 1,187). We performed stratified analyses of participants with normal weight (n = 801) or overweight or obesity (n = 386). We performed look-ups for the identified cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) with tissue-specific gene expression of 832 blood and 223 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children and adolescents. RESULTS Dietary GL was positively associated with DNAm of cg20274553 (FDR < 0.05), anno-tated to WDR27. Several CpGs were identified in the normal-weight (GI: 85; GL: 17) and overweight or obese (GI: 136; GL: 298; FDR < 0.05) strata, and none overlapped between strata. In participants with overweight or obesity, identified CpGs were related to RNA expression of genes associated with impaired metabolism (e.g., FRAT1, CSF3). CONCLUSIONS We identified 537 associations between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm, mainly in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. High-GI and/or-GL diets may influence epigenetic gene regulation and thereby promote metabolic derangements in young people with increased BMI.
DOI
10.2337/dc23-0474
Access Rights
free_to_read
Comments
Ott, R., Stein, R., Hauta-alus, H. H., Ronkainen, J., Fernández-Barrés, S., Spielau, U., . . . Hummel, S. (2023). Epigenome-wide meta-analysis reveals associations between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and DNA methylation in children and adolescents of different body sizes. Diabetes Care, 46(11), 2067-2075. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-0474