Fluid biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Authors

Seyed M. Savar
Bin Ma
Eugene Hone, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Farzana Jahan
Shaun Markovic
Steve Pedrini, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Soudabeh Shemehsavar
Vandhana Easwaran
Kevin Taddei, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Samantha Gardener, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Jasmeer P. Chhatwal
Ellis S. van Etten
Matthias J. P. van Osch
Daniel Clarke
Anastazija Gnjec
Mark A. van Buchem
Marieke J. H. Wermer
Graeme J. Hankey
Steven M. Greenberg
Ralph N. Martins, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Hamid R. Sohrabi, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Title

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Volume

18

Publisher

Frontiers Media S.A.

School

School of Medical and Health Sciences

Funders

Murdoch University / Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation (AARF) / TRACK Dutch-CAA Study Consortium

Comments

Savar, A. M., Ma, B., Hone, E., Jahan, F., Markovic, S., Pedrini, S., . . . Sohrabi, H. R. (2024). Fluid biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 18, article 1347320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1347320

Abstract

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a type of cerebrovascular disorder characterised by the accumulation of amyloid within the leptomeninges and small/medium-sized cerebral blood vessels. Typically, cerebral haemorrhages are one of the first clinical manifestations of CAA, posing a considerable challenge to the timely diagnosis of CAA as the bleedings only occur during the later disease stages. Fluid biomarkers may change prior to imaging biomarkers, and therefore, they could be the future of CAA diagnosis. Additionally, they can be used as primary outcome markers in prospective clinical trials. Among fluid biomarkers, blood-based biomarkers offer a distinct advantage over cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as they do not require a procedure as invasive as a lumbar puncture. This article aimed to provide an overview of the present clinical data concerning fluid biomarkers associated with CAA and point out the direction of future studies. Among all the biomarkers discussed, amyloid β, neurofilament light chain, matrix metalloproteinases, complement 3, uric acid, and lactadherin demonstrated the most promising evidence. However, the field of fluid biomarkers for CAA is an under-researched area, and in most cases, there are only one or two studies on each of the biomarkers mentioned in this review. Additionally, a small sample size is a common limitation of the discussed studies. Hence, it is hard to reach a solid conclusion on the clinical significance of each biomarker at different stages of the disease or in various subpopulations of CAA. In order to overcome this issue, larger longitudinal and multicentered studies are needed.

DOI

10.3389/fnins.2024.1347320

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