Abstract
Background and aims: Assessing the relationship between vitamin K1 intakes, using region-specific food databases, with both all-cause, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality warrants further investigation to inform future preventative strategies. Consequently, we examined the aforementioned associations in the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women (PLSAW). Methods and results: 1436 community-dwelling older Australian women (mean ± SD age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Vitamin K1 intake was calculated based on an Australian vitamin K food database, supplemented with published data. All-cause and CVD mortality data was obtained from linked health records. Associations were examined using restricted cubic splines within Cox-proportional hazard models, adjusted for a range of cardiovascular and lifestyle related risk factors. Over 15 years of follow-up, 601 (41.9%) women died, with 236 deaths (16.4%) due to CVD. Compared to women with the lowest vitamin K1 intakes (Quartile 1, median 49.1 μg/day), those with the highest intakes (Quartile 4, median 119.3 g/day) had lower relative hazards for all-cause mortality (HR 0.66 95%CI 0.51–0.86) and CVD mortality (HR 0.61 95%CI 0.41–0.92). A plateau in the inverse association was observed from vitamin K1 intakes of approximately ≥ 80 g/day.
Conclusion: Higher vitamin K1 intakes were associated with lower risk for both all-cause and CVD mortality in community-dwelling older women, independent of CVD related risk factors. A higher intake of vitamin K1 rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, may support cardiovascular health.
Keywords
Atherosclerosis, Menaquinone, Nutrition, Phylloquinone, Vegetables, Women's health
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
5-1-2024
Volume
34
Issue
5
PubMed ID
38342722
Publication Title
Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier
School
Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute / School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
62402
Funding Information
The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing in Women (PLSAW) was funded by Heathway, the Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation and by project grants 254627, 303169 and 572604 from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. MS is supported by a Royal Perth Hospital Career Advancement Fellowship (CAF 130/2020), an Emerging Leader Fellowship and project grant from the Western Australian Future Health and Innovation Fund, Department of Health (WA). JRL is supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship (ID: 102817). LCB is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant (ID: 1172987) and a National Heart Foundation of Australia Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship (ID: 102498). LZ is supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship and project grant from the Western Australian Future Health and Innovation Fund, Department of Health (WA).
Funding received from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
254627, 303169, 572604, 1172987
Grant Link
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/254627
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
First Page
1189
Last Page
1197
Recommended Citation
Dupuy, M., Radavelli-Bagatini, S., Zhong, L., Dalla Via, J., Zhu, K., Blekkenhorst, L. C., . . . Sim, M. (2024). Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 34(5), 1189-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.007
Comments
Dupuy, M., Radavelli-Bagatini, S., Zhong, L., Dalla Via, J., Zhu, K., Blekkenhorst, L. C., . . . Sim, M. (2024). Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 34(5), 1189-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.007