Rapid diagnosis and precision treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical settings

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Title

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

School

Centre for Precision Health / School of Medical and Health Sciences

RAS ID

71167

Comments

Umar, Z., Tang, J. W., Marshall, B. J., Tay, A. C. Y., & Wang, L. (2024). Rapid diagnosis and precision treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical settings. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2024.2364194

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately half of the worldwide population, with higher prevalence in densely populated areas like Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa. H. pylori infections range from asymptomatic cases to potentially fatal diseases, including peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and stomach adenocarcinoma. The management of these conditions has become more difficult due to the rising prevalence of drug-resistant H. pylori infections, which ultimately lead to gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized H. pylori as a Group I carcinogen, contributing to approximately 780,000 cancer cases annually. Antibiotic resistance against drugs used to treat H. pylori infections ranges between 15% and 50% worldwide, with Asian countries having exceptionally high rates. This review systematically examines the impacts of H. pylori infection, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and the urgent need for accurate diagnosis and precision treatment. The present status of precision treatment strategies and prospective approaches for eradicating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant H. pylori will also be evaluated.

DOI

10.1080/1040841X.2024.2364194

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