Author Identifier
Walid K. Hasan: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8012-0827
Iftekhar Ahmad: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-9631
Daryoush Habibi: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-6830
Quoc Viet Phung: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-3944
Ruba Zaheer: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-3293
Haitham Khaled: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-3686
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Volume
235
Publisher
Elsevier
School
School of Engineering / Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (CAIML) / School of Science
RAS ID
77084
Abstract
Underwater communication plays a crucial role in monitoring the aquatic environment on Earth. Due to their unique characteristics, underwater acoustic channels present unique challenges including lengthy signal transmission delays, limited data transfer bandwidth, variable signal quality, and fluctuating channel conditions. Furthermore, the reliance on battery power for most Underwater Wireless Acoustic Networks (UWAN) devices, coupled with the challenges associated with battery replacement or recharging, intensifies the challenges. Underwater acoustic communications are heavily constrained by available resources (e.g., very limited bandwidth, and limited energy storage). Consequently, the role of medium access control (MAC) protocol which distributes available resources among nodes is critical in maintaining a reliable underwater communication system. This study presents an extensive review of current research in MAC for UWAN. This study presents an extensive review of current research in MAC for UWAN. The paper explores the unique challenges and characteristics of UWAN, which are critical for the MAC protocol design. Subsequently, a diverse range of energy-efficient MAC techniques are categorized and reviewed. Potential future research avenues in energy-efficient MAC protocols are discussed, with a particular emphasis on the challenges to enable the broader implementation of the Green Internet of Underwater Things (GIoUT).
DOI
10.1016/j.jnca.2024.104079
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
Hasan, W. K., Ahmad, I., Habibi, D., Phung, Q. V., Al-Fawa'reh, M., Islam, K. Y., ... & Khaled, H. (2025). A survey on energy efficient medium access control for acoustic wireless communication networks in underwater environments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.104079