Author Identifier
Montana Dupuy: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-403X
Liezhou Zhong: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-4240
Simone Radavelli-Bagatini: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-5217
Jack Dalla Via: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-0838
Lauren C. Blekkenhorst: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9052
Nicola P. Bondonno: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-444X
Wai Lim: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-3572
Richard L. Prince: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-4202
Jonathan M. Hodgson: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-7764
Joshua R. Lewis: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-8443
Marc Sim: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-0605
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
European Journal of Nutrition
Volume
64
Issue
4
Publisher
Springer
School
Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute / School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
78832
Funders
Heathway / Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation / National Health and Medical Research Council / Royal Perth Hospital Career Advancement Fellowship (CAF 130/2020) / Future Health Research and Innovation Fund / Department of Health / National Heart Foundation of Australia (102817, 107323, 102498)
Grant Number
NHMRC Numbers : 254627, 303169, 572604, 1172987, APP1159914
Abstract
Purpose: Vitamin K may inhibit vascular calcification, a common attribute of atherosclerotic vascular diseases (ASVDs). We examined associations between dietary vitamin K1 intakes and both subclinical atherosclerosis and ASVD events, including hospitalisations and mortality, in older women. Methods: 1,436 community-dwelling women (mean ± SD age 75.1 ± 2.7 years) were included. Vitamin K1 intakes were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998), utilising a region-matched vitamin K food database. Common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA-IMT), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was measured in 2001 (n = 1,090). Differences in CCA-IMT by quartiles (Q) of vitamin K1 intake were examined using multivariate analysis of variance. Associations between vitamin K1 intakes and ASVD outcomes (hospitalisations and/or deaths), obtained from linked health records over 14.5 years, were analysed using restricted cubic splines within multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models. Results: Women with higher vitamin K1 intakes had a 5.6% lower mean CCA-IMT (Q4 [median 119 µg/day] compared to Q1 [median 49 µg/day], p < 0.001). Over 14.5 years, 620 (43.1%), 497 (34.6%) and 301 (20.9%) ASVD events, hospitalisations, and deaths were recorded, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted models, the highest vitamin K1 intakes (Q4, compared to Q1), were associated with lower relative hazards for ASVD events (HR 0.71 95%CI 0.55–0.92) and ASVD mortality (HR 0.57 95%CI 0.40–0.83), but not ASVD hospitalisations (HR 0.83 95%CI 0.63–1.11). Conclusion: Vitamin K1 intakes of ~ 120 µg/day appear to be beneficial in lowering risk for subclinical and clinical ASVD in older women. These quantities can be attained by consuming vitamin K1 rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables.
DOI
10.1007/s00394-025-03686-x
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
Dupuy, M., Zhong, L., Radavelli-Bagatini, S., Via, J. D., Zhu, K., Blekkenhorst, L. C., ... & Sim, M. (2025). Higher vitamin K1 intakes are associated with lower subclinical atherosclerosis and lower risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease-related outcomes in older women. European Journal of Nutrition, 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03686-x