Author Identifier

Hamed Bakhtiari: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-7768

Muhammad Aamir: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-919X

Majid Tolouei-Rad: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-0808

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Title

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Volume

168

Publisher

Elsevier

School

Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing / School of Engineering

RAS ID

79367

Funders

Edith Cowan University

Comments

Bakhtiari, H., Nouri, A., Aamir, M., Najafi, M., & Tolouei-Rad, M. Impact of biodegradation on the mechanical and fatigue properties of 3D-printed PLA bone scaffolds. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 168, 107039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107039

Abstract

A proper degradation rate of bone scaffolds ensures optimal mechanical support and effective tissue regeneration. The present study examines the degradation effects of simulated body fluids (SBF) on the compressive and fatigue strength of 3D-printed PLA bone scaffolds. Scaffolds with varying surface-to-volume (S/V) ratios and identical porosity (60 %) were immersed in Hanks' solution for a maximum period of 30 days. Static and dynamic compression tests were performed at different immersion times to assess how S/V ratio influences the degradation process. CT images showed that scaffold pore structure remained interconnected after biodegradation, with no significant change in strut thickness or dry weight. Results also indicated that while the compressive strength and modulus of scaffolds remained largely unchanged during biodegradation, their fatigue resistance reduced significantly. This reduction in fatigue resistance was attributed to the embrittlement of PLA material caused by crystalline phase changes during degradation. Microscopic images and X-ray analysis revealed the brittle fracture of scaffolds at the diagonal shear plane and the presence of SBF's salts within the scaffold material. Scaffolds with higher S/V ratios exhibited a greater decrease in fatigue resistance. The failure cycle of scaffolds with S/V ratios of 3.4, 2.4, and 1.9 mm−1 decreased by 77 %, 76 %, and 60 %, respectively after 30 days of biodegradation. Higher S/V ratios increased the surface exposure to the corrosive media. This resulted in higher water absorption, which subsequently intensified the embrittlement of the scaffolds.

DOI

10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107039

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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