Circuit-resistance training performed in water versus land for changes in muscle strength, endurance and power of recreational athletes
Author Identifier (ORCID)
K. Nosaka: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4994
Abstract
Introduction: Given high-intensity resistance training and risks of injuries, this study compared the effects of circuit-resistance training in water (WATER) versus on land (LAND) on muscle strength, muscular endurance, and power in female recreational athletes over eight weeks. Facts and results: Randomized controlled trial performed with pre- and post-evaluations. Mixed ANOVA results showed the WATER group had significantly greater improvements in upper extremity muscle strength (F1,34 = 49.64), lower extremity muscle strength (F1,34 = 76.71), and upper muscular endurance (F1,34 = 30.07) compared to the LAND group (P < 0.001). Both groups showed significant increases in core strength and power with no significant difference between them. Conclusion: WATER training was more effective than LAND for improving muscle strength and upper extremity muscular endurance in female recreational athletes, providing a safer option for enhancing muscle function when training programs are matched for repetitions and volume.
Keywords
Aquatic resistance exercise, Functional exercise, Muscle strength, Muscular endurance, Power
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
1-1-2026
Volume
41
Issue
1
Publication Title
Science and Sports
Publisher
Elsevier
School
Centre for Human Performance / School of Medical and Health Sciences
Copyright
subscription content
First Page
116
Last Page
120
Comments
Abadi, F. H., Najar, L., Barati, A., Nadzalan, A. M., Choeibuakaew, W., & Nosaka, K. (2026). Circuit-resistance training performed in water versus land for changes in muscle strength, endurance and power of recreational athletes. Science & Sports, 41(1), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2025.08.006