A survey of adaptive routing techniques in two-dimensional network-on-chip architectures

Abstract

As semiconductor Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures continue to evolve, there is a growing need for adaptive routing strategies that dynamically respond to changing network conditions. This paper reviews and categorizes adaptive routing methods for 2D NoC architectures, focusing on data traffic management, latency, and energy efficiency in multi-core systems. We present a novel taxonomy, classifying strategies as reactive, proactive, or application-specific, and examine key aspects such as fault tolerance, power efficiency, and congestion management. By comparing existing approaches, we highlight their strengths and limitations, offering insights for future NoC design. We also propose future research directions, including integrating machine learning and developing 2.5D NoC-specific routing algorithms to further improve adaptability and performance.

Document Type

Journal Article

Date of Publication

1-1-2026

Volume

28

Publication Title

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

Publisher

IEEE

School

School of Engineering

Funders

International Macquarie Research Excellence Scholarship Program (iMQRES)

Comments

Kondoth, L., Shankaran, R., Sheng, Q. Z., Kuantama, E., & Ni, W. (2025). A survey of adaptive routing techniques in two-dimensional network-on-chip architectures. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 28, 3195–3234. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2025.3636503

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subscription content

First Page

3195

Last Page

3234

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Link to publisher version (DOI)

10.1109/COMST.2025.3636503