Author Identifier (ORCID)
Brett Vaughan: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-4558
Abstract
Background: The Osteopaths’ Therapeutic Approaches Questionnaire (Osteo-TAQ) has demonstrated content, construct, and face validity across multiple jurisdictions but required cognitive validation for use in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: To assess the cognitive content and face validity of the Australian-adapted Osteo-TAQ (Osteo-TAQ(Aus)) with practising UK osteopaths, and to determine whether any revisions were necessary. Methods: Cognitive interviews were conducted with six (n = 6) UK osteopaths using a combination of think-aloud and verbal probing techniques, informed by the Cognitive Interview Reporting Framework (CIRF). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using team-based content analysis to identify issues of item interpretation, clarity and relevance to UK practice. Results: Strong alignment with UK practice was demonstrated across all 36 items. No items required modification, providing positive validation evidence for cross-jurisdictional stability. Participants reported that the Osteo-TAQ(Aus) items were relevant, understandable and reflective of their day-to-day clinical practice. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence of cross-jurisdictional cognitive stability for the Osteo-TAQ(Aus), demonstrating robust content validity in its country of origin and suitability for use in a UK setting. These findings support its continued use in UK-based research and professional development initiatives aimed at exploring therapeutic approaches and conceptions of practice.
Keywords
Cognitive interview, Content analysis, Osteopathic medicine, Survey design
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
12-1-2026
Volume
19
Issue
1
PubMed ID
41339946
Publication Title
BMC Research Notes
Publisher
Springer
School
School of Medical and Health Sciences
Funders
Osteopathic Foundation UK
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Comments
Thomson, O. P., Golder, E., McLeod, G. A., Draper-Rodi, J., Vogel, S., & Vaughan, B. (2025). Assessing content validity of the Osteo-TAQ(Aus) using cognitive interviews: Cross-jurisdictional evidence from UK osteopathic practice. BMC Research Notes, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07582-9