Knowledge of ischemic heart disease risk factors among first-generation Indian migrants living in Australia: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: – Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. Controlling modifiable risk factors can delay or prevent its onset, and greater knowledge is linked to better risk management. However, migration complicates the adoption of preventive behaviors. In this study, Indian migrants were the focus population, a group with a higher risk of early-onset IHD and poorer outcomes. Objective: – The aim of the study was to assess Indian migrants’ knowledge of IHD risk factors and identify the factors influencing their knowledge of IHD risk. Methods: – An online survey using a modified Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (in Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, and English) was conducted. Data were analyzed using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistics. A Community Advisory Board provided cultural guidance and supported engagement. Results: – A total of 400 surveys were included in the analysis. The mean age of respondents was 38.8 years, with most being male and having resided in Australia for an average of 11.4 years. The majority held a university qualification. Overall, 76% demonstrated high levels of knowledge of IHD risk factors; however, notable gaps remained. Nearly half were unaware that IHD can be asymptomatic or of the protective role of high-density lipoproteins. Only 65% recognized the importance of blood sugar control in preventing IHD. No demographic factors were significantly associated with higher knowledge overall, though high levels of knowledge were more likely among those with a bachelor’s degree, longer residency in Australia, and females. Conclusions: – Despite generally high knowledge scores, key gaps were identified in this study that have important implications for nurses working in primary and tertiary healthcare settings.

Keywords

Knowledge, migrants, myocardial ischemia, risk factors

Document Type

Journal Article

Date of Publication

2-17-2026

Volume

Publish Ahead of Print

Publication Title

Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

Publisher

Wolters Kluwer

School

Centre for Research in Aged Care / School of Nursing and Midwifery

Comments

Kaur, K., Abu-Qamar, M. Z., Rashidi, A., McKay, N., & Saunders, R. (2026). Knowledge of ischemic heart disease risk factors among first-generation Indian migrants living in Australia: A cross-sectional survey. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000001287

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free_to_read

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Link to publisher version (DOI)

10.1097/JCN.0000000000001287