Abstract
Context
Fruit, but not fruit juice, intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, questions remain about the mechanisms by which fruits may confer protection. Objective The aims of this work were to examine associations between intake of fruit types and 1) measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and 2) diabetes at follow-up.
Methods
Among participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, fruit and fruit juice intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Associations between fruit and fruit juice intake and 1) fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postload plasma glucose, updated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of β-cell function (HOMA2-%β), HOMA2 of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), and fasting insulin levels at baseline and 2) the presence of diabetes at follow-up (5 and 12 years) were assessed using restricted cubic splines in logistic and linear regression models.
Results
This population of 7675 Australians (45% males) had a mean ± SD age of 54 ± 12 years at baseline. Total fruit intake was inversely associated with serum insulin and HOMA2-%β, and positively associated with HOMA2-%S at baseline. Compared to participants with the lowest intakes (quartile 1), participants with moderate total fruit intakes (quartile 3) had 36% lower odds of having diabetes at 5 years (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.92), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle confounders. Associations with 12-year outcomes were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
A healthy diet including whole fruits, but not fruit juice, may play a role in mitigating T2DM risk.
RAS ID
35693
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
2021
Funding Information
This work was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship (grant No. APP1159914 to N.P.B.), Australia; an NHMRC of Australia Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant (ID No. 1172987 to L.C.B.); a National Heart Foundation of Australia Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship (No. ID 102498); a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship (No. ID 102817 to J.R.L.); an NHMRC of Australia Senior Research Fellowship (grant No. APP1116937 to J.M.H.); and an NHMRC of Australia Investigator Grant (grant No. APP1173952 to J.E.S.).
School
School of Medical and Health Sciences / Institute for Nutrition Research
Grant Number
NHMRC Number : APP1159914, 1172987, APP1116937, APP1173952
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Identifier
Nicola Bondonno
ORCID : 0000-0001-5905-444X
Catherine Bondonno
ORCID : 0000-0001-8509-439X
Lauren Blekkenhorst
ORCID : 0000-0003-1561-9052
Marc Sim
ORCID : 0000-0001-5166-0605
Joshua Lewis
ORCID : 0000-0003-1003-8443
Jonathan Hodgson
ORCID : 0000-0001-6184-7764
Included in
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons
Comments
Bondonno, N. P., Davey, R. J., Murray, K., Radavelli-Bagatini, S., Bondonno, C. P., Blekkenhorst, L. C., . . . Hodgson, J. M. (2021). Associations between fruit intake and risk of diabetes in the AusDiab cohort: Supplementary material. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(10), e4097-e4108.
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab335