National scale predictions of contemporary and future blue carbon storage
Document Type
Journal Article
Publication Title
Science of the Total Environment
Volume
800
Publisher
Elsevier
School
School of Science / Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research
RAS ID
39597
Funders
Australian Research Council Funding information :
Grant Number
ARC Number : LP160100242
Grant Link
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP160100242
Abstract
To help mitigate the impacts of climate change, many nature-based solutions are being explored. These solutions involve protection and restoration of ecosystems that serve as efficient carbon sinks, including vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCEs: tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows) also known as ‘Blue Carbon’ ecosystems. In fact, many nations are seeking to manage VCEs to help meet their climate change mitigation targets through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). However, incorporation of VCEs into NDCs requires national-scale estimates of contemporary and future blue carbon storage, which has not yet been achieved. Here we address this challenge using machine learning approaches to reliably map (with 62–72% accuracy) soil carbon stocks in VCEs based on geospatial data (topography, geomorphology, climate, and anthropogenic impacts), using Australia as a case study. The resulting maps of soil carbon stocks showed that there is a total of 951 Tg (±65 Tg) of carbon stock within Australian VCEs. Strong relationships between soil carbon stocks and climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall, solar radiation) allowed us to project future changes in carbon storage across all RCP scenarios for the years 2050 and 2090 to determine changes in environmental suitability for soil carbon stocks. Results show that soil carbon stocks in mangrove/tidal marsh ecosystems are likely to predominantly experience declines in carbon stocks under predicted climate change scenarios (19% of ecosystems area is predicted to have an increase in soil carbon stocks, while 38% of ecosystems area is predicted to have a decrease in soil carbon stocks), but a majority of seagrass area is likely to have increased soil carbon stocks (56% increase, 7% decrease). This approach is effective for developing robust national blue carbon inventories and revealing the capacity for blue carbon to help meet NDCs. The resulting spatially-explicit maps can also be used to pinpoint areas for successful blue carbon projects both now and in the future.
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149573
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Comments
Young, M. A., Serrano, O., Macreadie, P. I., Lovelock, C. E., Carnell, P., & Ierodiaconou, D. (2021). National scale predictions of contemporary and future blue carbon storage. Science of The Total Environment, 800, article 149573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149573