Author Identifier (ORCID)
Marc Sim
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-0605
Emma Connolly
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-8236
Lauren Blekkenhorst
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9052
Catherine P. Bondonno
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-439X
Jonathan M. Hodgson
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-7764
Nicola P. Bondonno
Abstract
Reported associations between vitamin K and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52-60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87-192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.
Keywords
Cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Phylloquinone, Prospective cohort study
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
9-30-2021
PubMed ID
34591201
Publication Title
European Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher
Springer
School
Institute for Nutrition Research / School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
36905
Grant Number
NHMRC Number : 1159914, 1172987
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Comments
Palmer, C. R., Bellinge, J. W., Dalgaard, F., Sim, M., Murray, K., Connolly, E., ... & Bondonno, N. P. (2021). Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort. European Journal of Epidemiology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9