Effects of morning versus evening combined strength and endurance training on physical performance, muscle hypertrophy, and serum hormone concentrations
Authors/Creators
- Maria Küüsmaa, Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Moritz Schumann, Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Department of Biology of Physical Activity
- Milan Sedliak, Comenius University in Bratislava
- William J. Kraemer, Ohio State University
- Robert U. Newton, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
- Jari P. Malinen, Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Department of Biology of Physical Activity
- Kai M. Nyman, Scopus - Author details - Nyman, Kai M. Jyvaskyla Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Arja H. Häkkinen, Central Finland Central Hospital
- Keijo K. T. Häkkinen, Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Jyvaskyla
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 24 weeks of morning versus evening same-session combined strength (S) and endurance (E) training on physical performance, muscle hypertrophy, and resting serum testosterone and cortisol diurnal concentrations. Forty-two young men were matched and assigned to a morning (m) or evening (e) E + S or S + E group (mE + S, n = 9; mS + E, n = 9; eE + S, n = 12; and eS + E, n = 12). Participants were tested for dynamic leg press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and time to exhaustion (Texh) during an incremental cycle ergometer test both in the morning and evening, cross-sectional area (CSA) of vastus lateralis and diurnal serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations (0730 h; 0930 h; 1630 h; 1830 h). All groups similarly increased 1RM in the morning (14%-19%; p < 0.001) and evening (18%-24%; p < 0.001). CSA increased in all groups by week 24 (12%-20%, p < 0.01); however, during the training weeks 13-24 the evening groups gained more muscle mass (time-of-day main effect; p < 0.05). Texh increased in all groups in the morning (16%-28%; p < 0.01) and evening (18%-27%; p < 0.001), however, a main effect for the exercise order, in favor of E + S, was observed on both testing times (p < 0.051). Diurnal rhythms in testosterone and cortisol remained statistically unaltered by the training order or time. The present results indicate that combined strength and endurance training in the evening may lead to larger gains in muscle mass, while the E + S training order might be more beneficial for endurance performance development. However, training order and time seem to influence the magnitude of adaptations only when the training period exceeded 12 weeks. © 2016, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Concurrent training, cortisol, muscle cross-sectional area, order effect, testosterone, time of day
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of Publication
2016
Location of the Work
Canada
Publication Title
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Publisher
NRC Research Press
School
School of Medical and Health Sciences
RAS ID
22298
Copyright
subscription content
Comments
Küüsmaa, M., Schumann, M., Sedliak, M., Kraemer W. J, Newton, R. U., Malinen, J. P., . . . Häkkinen, A. (2016). Effects of morning versus evening combined strength and endurance training on physical performance, muscle hypertrophy, and serum hormone concentrations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(12), 1285-1294. Available here.