Comparison of ballistic and strength training on swimming turn and dry-land leg extensor characteristics in elite swimmers

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Title

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

Publisher

Sage Publications

School

Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research

RAS ID

26079

Comments

Jones, J. V., Pyne, D. B., Haff, G. G., & Newton, R. U. (2017). Comparison of ballistic and strength training on swimming turn and dry-land leg extensor characteristics in elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13(2), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117726017

Abstract

Swimmers undertake dry-land resistance training as part of their overall training regime in order to increase lower body force output, impulse and swim turn performance. We investigated whether short-term ballistic training or maximal strength training is more effective in enhancing leg extensor force characteristics during the swim turn. Twelve elite swimmers (10 males and 2 females 19.4 ± 1.0 y) were assigned to either strength (n = 6) or ballistic leg extensor (n = 6) training based on their coaching group for a six-week period. All testing was conducted during the final training cycle towards the World Championships selection trials. Swimmers undertook dry-land testing of a squat jump on a portable force platform with bodyweight only and an additional 30 kg load for males and 20 kg load for females. On the same day, all swimmers performed a turn analysis using a fixed force platform within the pool wall. There were no substantial differences between the strength and ballistic groups after the six-week intervention. Only squat jump peak velocity (loaded) showed a moderately large standardized difference (–0.71, ± 0.42 m/s) after six weeks in the strength-trained group. Relative peak power (4.0 ± 2.1 W/kg), squat jump peak force (loaded and unloaded) (195.0, ± 122.8 N; 155.0, ± 152.3 N), and squat jump impulse (unloaded) (2.9, ± 2.1 N) all showed small and clear improvements with ballistic training over the six-week intervention. Both strength and ballistic dry-land training can improve aspects of the push-off stage of the swim turn providing programming options for swimming and strength and conditioning coaches.

DOI

10.1177/1747954117726017

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