Non-invasive brain stimulation as add-on therapy for subacute post-stroke aphasia: A randomized trial (NORTHSTAR)

Document Type

Journal Article

Publication Title

European Stroke Journal

ISSN

23969873

Volume

9

Publisher

SAGE

School

School of Medical and Health Sciences

RAS ID

35197

Funders

Canadian Institutes for Health Research W.-D. Heiss Foundation Lady Davis Institute CIHR Postdoctoral fellowship

Comments

Zumbansen, A., Black, S. E., Chen, J. L., Edwards, D. J., Hartmann, A., Heiss, W. D., ... Thiel, A. (2020). Non-invasive brain stimulation as add-on therapy for subacute post-stroke aphasia: A randomized trial (NORTHSTAR). European Stroke Journal, 5(4), 402-413. https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987320934935

Abstract

© European Stroke Organisation 2020. Introduction: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) with speech therapy might improve recovery from post-stroke aphasia. This three-armed sham-controlled blinded prospective proof-of-concept study tested 1 Hz subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and 2-mA cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on the right pars triangularis in subacute post-stroke aphasia. Patients and methods: Sixty-three patients with left middle cerebral artery infarcts were recruited in five hospitals (Canada/United States/Germany, 01–2014/03–2018) and randomized to receive rTMS (N = 20), ctDCS (N = 24) or sham stimulation (N = 19) with ST for 10 days. Primary outcome variables were Z-score changes in naming, semantic fluency and comprehension tests and adverse event frequency. Secondary outcome variable was the percent change in the Unified Aphasia Score. Intention-to-treat analyses tested between-group effects at days 1 and 30 post-treatment with a pre-planned subgroup analysis for lesion location (affecting Broca’s area or not). Results: Naming was significantly improved by rTMS (median = 1.91/interquartile range = 0.77/p =.01) at 30 days versus ctDCS (median = 1.11/interquartile range = 1.51) and sham stimulation (median = 1.02/interquartile range = 1.71). All other primary results were non-significant. The rTMS effect was driven by the patient subgroup with intact Broca’s area where NIBS tended to improve UnAS (median = 33.2%/interquartile range = 46.7%/p =.062) versus sham stimulation (median = 12.5%/interquartile range = 7.9%) at day 30. Conversely, in patients with infarcted Broca’s area, UnAS tended to improve more with sham stimulation (median = 75.0%/interquartile range = 86.9%/p =.053) versus NIBS (median = 12.7%/interquartile range = 31.7). Conclusion: We found a delayed positive effect of low-frequency rTMS targeting the right pars triangularis on the recovery of naming performance in subacute post-stroke aphasia. This intervention may be beneficial only in patients with morphologically intact Broca’s area.

DOI

10.1177/2396987320934935

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Link to publisher version (DOI)

10.1177/2396987320934935