Author Identifier

Kulsoom Saima Bughio

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-9578

Date of Award

2024

Document Type

Thesis

Publisher

Edith Cowan University

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy

School

School of Science

First Supervisor

David Cook

Second Supervisor

Syed Afaq Ali Shah

Abstract

The increasing need to safeguard patient data in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices highlights the critical importance of reducing vulnerabilities within these systems. The widespread adoption of IoMT has transformed healthcare by enabling continuous remote patient monitoring (RPM), which enhances patient outcomes and optimizes healthcare delivery. However, the integration of IoMT devices into healthcare systems presents significant security challenges, particularly in protecting sensitive patient data and ensuring the reliability of medical devices. The diversity of data formats used by various vendors in RPM complicates data aggregation and fusion, thereby hindering overall cybersecurity efforts.

This thesis proposes a novel semantic framework for vulnerability detection in RPM settings within the IoMT system. The framework addresses interoperability, heterogeneity, and integration challenges through meaningful data aggregation. The core of this framework is a domain ontology that captures the semantics of concepts and properties related to the primary security aspects of IoT medical devices. This ontology is supported by a comprehensive ruleset and complex queries over aggregated knowledge. Additionally, the implementation integrates medical device data with the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) via an API, enabling real-time detection of vulnerabilities and improving the security of RPM systems.

By capturing the semantics of medical devices and network components, the proposed semantic model facilitates partial automation in detecting network anomalies and vulnerabilities. A logic-based ruleset enhances the system’s robustness and efficiency, while its reasoning capabilities enable the identification of potential vulnerabilities and anomalies in IoMT systems, thereby improving security measures in remote monitoring settings.

The semantic framework also supports knowledge graph visualization and efficient querying through SPARQL. The knowledge graph provides a structured representation of interconnected data and stores Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) to enhance data integration, visualization, and semantic enrichment. The query mechanism enables healthcare providers to extract valuable insights from IoMT data, notifying them about new system vulnerabilities or vulnerable medical devices. This demonstrates the impact of vulnerabilities on cybersecurity requirements (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) and facilitates countermeasures based on severity. Consequently, the framework promotes timely decision-making, enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of IoMT systems. The semantic framework is validated through various use cases and existing frameworks, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness in vulnerability detection within the domain of IoMT security.

DOI

10.25958/e61m-7484

Access Note

Access to this thesis is embargoed until 19 November 2025

Available for download on Wednesday, November 19, 2025

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