Submissions from 2026
Near-field integrated sensing and covert communications with multiple targets as wardens, Jinsong Hu, Haojie Yin, Xiaobo Zhou, Shihao Yan, Wanghan Lv, Youjia Chen, Feng Shu, and Jun Li
Keyframe selection from motion capture data with dual-agent reinforcement learning, Kun Hu, Wang, Clinton Mo, Mingyang Ma, Shaohui Mei, Zebin Chen, and Zhiyong Wang
An approach for identifying anomalous cryptocurrency transactions using temporal blockchain features and machine learning with explainability analysis, Md Saidul Islam
RViT-FusionNet: A local cross-attention feature fusion-based hybrid framework for brain tumor classification, Naima Islam, Sajeeb Kumar Ray, Md Anwar Hossain, and Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam
Empowering neurodiverse talent in cybersecurity through fair and inclusive AI education, Sheikh Rabiul Islam, Yansi Keim, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Maanak Gupta, Ingrid Russell, and Mahmoud Abdelsalam
Spatiotemporal dynamics of riparian land-cover change and impervious-cover expansion in a rapidly urbanising Himalayan capital city, Karma Jamtsho, Tashi Dorji, David Blake, Mark A. Lund, and Eddie van Etten
Stocks and fluxes of carbon and nitrogen in northeastern Brazil coastal seascapes, Antoniwal A. Jatobá-Junior, Pere Masque, Carlos Eduardo de Rezende, and Vanessa Hatje
Proteomic analysis of marsupial milk and pouch secretions to uncover reproductive strategies supporting joey development, Manujaya Wijesinghe Jayamanna Mohottige
Lactation-stage specific protein shifts in koala milk mirror the joey's growth needs, Manujaya W. Jayamanna Mohottige, Angéla Juhász, Emma Peel, Mitchell G. Nye-Wood, Katherine A. Farquharson, Tawfeek Khedr, Katherine Belov, Carolyn J. Hogg, and Michelle L. Colgrave
Supply chain automation in the Australian red meat industry, Ferry Jie, Ming Juan Ding, Leisa Armstrong, David Cook, and Kevin Parton
Limited site-specific blue carbon recovery following tropical seagrass restoration in Thailand, Ratchanee Kaewsrikhaw, Milica Stankovic, Pere Masqué, Mathew A. Vanderklift, Tipamat Upanoi, and Anchana Prathep
Taxonomic source identification of hair, Romy E. Keane, Joel P.A. Gummer, Rebecca J. Tidy, and Glendon J. Parker
Bioactive peptides from the Cucurbitaceae family: From identification and health-promoting functions to industrial utilization, Himani R. Kekiri Obada Gamage, Mahya Bahmani, Utpal Bose, Mekhala Vithana, Michelle L. Colgrave, and Angéla Juhász
Development and evaluation of a GC-MSMS method for the quantification of gamma hydroxybutyrate in hair, Jacob Robert Keller
Proteomics and alkaloid signature of narrow leaf lupin leaves reveal key enzymes in quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis and transportation, Tawfeek Khedr, Ling Ling Gao, Lars G. Kamphuis, Utpal Bose, Mitchell G. Nye-Wood, Angéla Juhász, and Michelle L. Colgrave
Suicide ideation detection using social media data and ensemble machine learning model, Erol Kina, Jin Ghoo Choi, Abid Ishaq, Rahman Shafique, Monica Gracia Villar, Eduardo Silva Alvarado, Isabel de la Torre Diez, and Imran Ashraf
Enhanced carbon burial in seagrass meadows under ocean acidification revealed by carbon dioxide vents, Theodor Kindeberg, Teixidó, Steeve Comeau, Jean Pierre Gattuso, Beat Gasser, Alice Mirasole, Samir Alliouane, Ioannis Kalaitzakis, Denisa Berbece, Christopher Cornwall, and Pere Masque
Postharvest factors affecting physiological disorders, Poe Nandar Kyaw, Ei Hay Man, Wai Wai Lwin, Khin Thida Myint, and Zora Singh
Feeling giggity: Ambiguous emojis in teaching and learning communications, Mary Kynn, Nicole Reinke, and Eva Hatje
Upper ocean cycling of iron south of the polar front: Biological patterns and processes, Luis M. Laglera, Santos-Echeandía, Viena Puigcorbé, Christine Klass, and Dieter Wolf-Gladrow
Geometric characterization of ideals in bipolar semigroups, Kittipong Laipaporn, Rasimate Maungchang, David M. Cook, and Prathomjit Khachorncharoenkul
Structural attributes of dominant seagrass species modulate invertebrate assemblages within the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, Inês Leal, Daniel Gorman, Lauren Mukheibir, Keisha Desmond, and Simone Strydom
Widespread decline in the abundance of sea cucumber assemblages in atolls of the protected Rowley Shoals, northwestern Australia, Inês Leal, Claire L. Ross, Simone Strydom, Richard D. Evans, Thomas H. Holmes, Graham J. Edgar, and John K. Keesing
Protocol for integrating vessel networks and environmental matching to inform cost-effective archipelago biosecurity planning and management, Chi T.U. Le, Chad L. Hewitt, and Marnie L. Campbell
Low climate benefit of nordic coastal marshes: Site conditions outweigh grazing effects and shape trade-offs between carbon storage and its stability, Carmen Leiva-Dueñas, T. Banta, Christoffer Boström, Franziska Eller, Johan Eklöf, Line Holm Andersen, Kai Jensen, Marianna Lanari, Ella Logemann, Pere Masque, Thomas Ostertag, Christoph Reisdorff, Anaïs Richard, Anu Vehmaa, Jukka Alm, Mikael von Numers, and Dorte Krause-Jensen
RLAD: A reliable hippo-guided multi-task model for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, Zhenxin Lei, Wenjing Zhu, Jiale Liu, Cong Hua, Johann Li, Syed Afaq Ali Shah, Liang Zhang, Mohammed Bennamoun, and Cuiping Mao
Understanding ecosystem responses to recurrent marine heatwaves, Emily Lester, Stanley Mastrantonis, Sharyn M. Hickey, Anna Lafratta, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, Arani Chandrapavan, Martial Depczynski, Richard D. Evans, David V. Fairclough, Christopher J. Fulton, Marthe Monique Gagnon, Nicole L. Jones, Sina Pinter, Claire L. Ross, William D. Robbins, Zoe T. Richards, Karina L. Ryan, Simone Strydom, James R. Tweedley, Fred Wells, Hollie Williams, Shaun K. Wilson, and Kathryn McMahon
Pb4U-GNet: Resolution-adaptive garment simulation via propagation-before-update graph network, Aoran Liu, Hu, Clinton Ansun Mo, Qiuxia Wu, Wenxiong Kang, and Zhiyong Wang
Women's experiences of menstrual pain and perceptions of acupuncture: A qualitative study, Weiting Liu, Amanda Towell-Barnard, and Khui Hung Lee
Attitudes and expectations towards acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea: Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Australia, Weiting Liu, Amanda Towell-Barnard, Khui Hung Lee, and Timothy Leen Kang
Adaptive attribute inference attack: Exploiting privacy risks under adversarial perturbations, Xinyu Liu, Yanrong Lu, Aohan Sun, Wencheng Yang, Yan Li, and Michael N. Johnstone
An investigation into the mechanisms, barriers, degree and sphere of risk influence in corporate security, Nicola Lockhart
Attenuation of redox interference in RuO2 pH sensor using a Ta2O5/Nafion multilayer architecture, Wade Lonsdale, Magdalena Wajrak, Md Mahamudul Hassan, and James Jin Kang
Stakeholder co-design of sustainable urban pest management strategies, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Nathan J. Butterworth, Alexander Austin, Cameron Webb, and Tanya Latty
Priority questions for the next decade of blue carbon science, Peter I. Macreadie, George E. Biddulph, Pere Masque, Hilary Kennedy, Jimena Samper-Villarreal, J. Patrick Megonigal, Hannah K. Morrissette, Tania E. Romero-Gonzalez, Vanessa Hatje, Jana Friedrich, Sigit D. Sasmito, Kenta Watanabe, Inés Mazarrasa, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Janine B. Adams, Miguel Cifuentes-Jara, Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Andre S. Rovai, Milica Stankovic, Kirsten Isensee, Ana M. Queirós, Luzhen Chen, Jorge Herrera-Silveira, Catriona L. Hurd, Rashid Ismail, Ken W. Krauss, Anna Lafratta, Maria M. Palacios, and William E.N. Austin
Artificial intelligence-driven tourism platform for personalized, safe, and sustainable journey planning, T. K.N. Mandira and V.N. Godapitiya
From pixels to prognosis: A multi-modal attention-based framework for visceral adipose tissue estimation, Arooba Maqsood, Afsah Saleem, Marc Sim, David Suter, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Richard L. Prince, Kun Zhu, William D. Leslie, John T. Schousboe, Joshua R. Lewis, and Syed Zulqarnain Gilani
A typology of Australian terrestrial bird communities, Martine Maron, Karlina Indraswari, Jonathan Mills-Anderson, Courtney B. Melton, Hugh Possingham, James Radford, April E. Reside, Andrew Bennett, Allan Burbidge, Michael Clarke, Rohan H. Clarke, Robert Davis, Teresa Eyre, Amanda Freeman, Michelle Gibson, Birgita Hansen, Jacinta Humphrey, Nigel Jackett, Bryony Palmer, Alex Kutt, Nicholas P. Leseberg, Richard Loyn, Alex Maisey, Golo Maurer, Helen Mayfield, and Paul McDonald
Genomic vulnerability of a threatened possum in a biodiversity and climate change hotspot, Grace I. Marsh, Sean James Buckley, Daniel J. White, Adrian F. Wayne, Bryony J. Palmer, and Nicola J. Mitchell
Computational metabolomics at scale: From open data to insight, Ewy A. Mathé, Justin J.J. van der Hooft, Haley Chatelaine, Louis Félix Nothias, Stacey N. Reinke, Juan Antonio Vizcaíno, Egon L. Willighagen, Timothy M.D. Ebbels, and Soha Hassoun
Geographic range and body size influence abundance patterns in reef fishes, M. F. Maxwell, D. R. Barneche, R. Divieso, S. R. Floeter, O. J. Luiz, A. L. Luza, M. R. Pie, A. C. Siqueira, and M. G. Bender
DySec: A machine learning-based dynamic analysis for detecting malicious packages in PyPI ecosystem, Sk Tanzir Mehedi, Chadni Islam, Gowri Ramachandran, and Raja Jurdak
An open-source evaluation framework for RISC-V co-design-based decimal arithmetic, Riaz Ul Haque Mian and Michiko Inoue
CXCR3 is associated with T-cell-induced heart damage in acute rheumatic fever, Francis M. Middleton, Reuben McGregor, Natalie Lorenz, Sarah Kilian, Anna E.S. Brooks, Saem Mul Park, Ciara Ramiah, Judith Tresidder, Timothy C. Barnett, Michael Serralha, William J. Martin, Florina Chan Mow, Glenn Pearson, Mark Mayo, David I. Broadhurst, Julie Bennett, Johann Brink, Nigel J. Wilson, Anna P. Ralph, Rachel H. Webb, P. Rod Dunbar, Jonathan Carapetis, and Nicole J. Moreland
Towards transparent artificial intelligence: Unravelling the black-box behaviour of intelligent agents, Nima Mirnateghi
Autonomous smart vertical farming: A systems-level synthesis of IoT and solar energy integration for sustainable agriculture, Mahmuda Khatun Mishu, Md Rokonuzzaman, Boon Kar Yap, Tofan Agung Eka Prasetya, Md Arif Hossain, Asif Islam, Kazi Sajedur Rahman, and Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
A remarkable diversity of Syngnathid fishes in a highly modified large coastal embayment in the Southeastern Indian ocean, Glenn I. Moore, Jenelle A. Ritchie, Georgia M. Nester, Glenn A. Hyndes, and Alan J. Kendrick
Diversity and vulnerability of reef fishes in marginal and extreme habitats, Juliano Morais, Alexandre C. Siqueira, Luiz A. Rocha, Aline P.M. Medeiros, Aiara P.L.R Cardoso, and Bráulio A. Santos
The impact of a structured training program on the depth perception of ab initio drone pilots, John Murray, Steven Richardson, Keith Joiner, and Graham Wild
Explainable artificial intelligence models for detecting suspicious bank transactions, Narasimha Kumar Narasapuram, Syed Afaq Ali Shah, Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin, and Ferdous Sohel
Software architecting in the Brazilian industry: Results of a prior survey, Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto, Mohamad Kassab, Diana Lorena Santos, Andrey Gonçalves França, Edson Oliveira, Rafael Z. Frantz, Ahmad Mohsin, and Marcos Kalinowski
Insights into site fidelity of a low-density dugong population using small-drone imagery and photo-identification, Roxana Newman, Ashwag Asseri, William David Paterson, Deni Porej, Harry Clark, Mishari Alghrair, Winston Cowie, David Charles Wells, and Amanda Jane Hodgson
A survey of social network simulation in the LLM era: From classical models to generative agents, Thanh Tam Nguyen, Trinh Pham, Viet Huynh, Minh Hieu Nguyen, Bay Vo, Liang Qu, Jianxin Li, Hongzhi Yin, and Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen
From thin films to energy systems: A perspective-oriented translational framework for deployable functional materials, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
Climate-driven degradation and lifecycle reliability of building-integrated photovoltaic systems: Integration challenges and deployment pathways, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mongi Amami, Rajesh Haldhar, and M. Khalid Hossain
Intense turtle herbivory suppresses seagrass function but reveals physiological resilience in a remote coral reef atoll, Caitlyn O'Dea, Kathryn McMahon, Osman Macrae, Shakirin Keegan, and Sahira Bell
From proteome to palate: Proteomics-led insights into sensory quality in oats (Avena sativa L.), Clare E. O'Lone, Angéla Juhász, Utpal Bose, Haelee Fenton, Dini Ganesalingam, Allan Rattey, and Michelle L. Colgrave
Spatiotemporal analysis of Australian housing prices, Prince Osei Mensah
Spatiotemporal PAH patterns in size-fractionated particles (PM>10-PM0.1) from Northern Thailand biomass burning via Sentinel-2, Phakphum Paluang, Watinee Thavorntam, Sarawut Sangkham, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul, Masami Furuuchi, and Worradorn Phairuang
Carbon accumulation driven by anthropogenic activities within wetland environments associated with Lake Titicaca, Alexander Pérez, Diego Rodriguez-Paredes, Héctor Aponte, Renzo Gonzales, Jorge Cardich, Pere Masqué, and Matthieu Carré
ADCC-Bench: A benchmark framework for anomaly detection in cryptocurrency transactions, Tan Gia Quoc Pham, Huynh Quoc Khanh, Nguyen Anh Khoa, Viet Huynh, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Trong Nghia To, Van Hau Pham, and Phan The Duy
Learning to evaluate: Cost-effective model evaluation on unlabeled data with meta-learning, Trinh Pham, Viet Huynh, Hongzhi Yin, Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen, and Thanh Tam Nguyen
An efficient and effective evaluator for Text2SQL models on unseen and unlabeled data, Trinh Pham, Thanh Tam Nguyen, Viet Huynh, Hongzhi Yin, and Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen
Global meta-analysis reveals variability in seagrass carbon storage, pollution mitigation and benthic biodiversity enhancement provisioning, Nerea Piñeiro-Juncal, Carmen B. de los Santos, Martin Dahl, Karine Gagnon, Anna Lafratta, Candela Marco-Mendez, Inés Mazarrasa, Michael Njoroge Githaiga, Yusmiana P. Rahayu, Jimena Samper-Villarreal, Milica Stankovic, and Maria Potouroglou
Facilitating pollination in native seed production: The why, the who, where, and how of designing seed production areas to support pollinators, Kit Prendergast, David L. Field, and Melinda Pickup
Comparing microbial communities of diseased and healthy isopora palifera corals and adjacent waters at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Sophie Preston, Jacquelyn Jones, Megan J. Huggett, Arne A.S. Adam, Nicole E. White, Kar Chun Tan, and Zoe Richards
Edible coatings application for postharvest fruits preservation: Bibliometric trends, material design, physiological mechanisms, and safety perspectives, Muslim Qadir, Navjot Kaur, Dali Vilma Francis, Abdelmoneim K. Abdalla, Zora Singh, and Zienab F.R. Ahmed
Sporadic appetites: Unearthing the Fungal diets of two mycophagous mammals across an Australian climate gradient, Rebecca J. Quah, Saul J. Cowen, Robert A. Davis, Harriet R. Mills, and Anna J.M. Hopkins
Is there mush-room for bettongs on Dirk Hartog Island? Environmental DNA assessment of food resource availability for fauna translocations, Rebecca J. Quah, Saul J. Cowen, Kelly J. Rayner, Aaron J. Brace, Robert A. Davis, Harriet R. Mills, and Anna J.M. Hopkins
High coral thermal tolerance at a potentially climate-resistant reef, Kate M. Quigley, C. Siqueira, Kira Brereton, and Andrew H. Baird
Dasyurus hallucatus movement response to fire in a complex, resource rich tropical savanna, Ian J. Radford, Annette Cook, Natasha Harrison, Ben Corey, Roberta Bencini, and Harriet R. Mills
Influence of rice hull biochar and cedar bark media on strawberry productivity and carbon sequestration potential in hydroponic systems, Sakalya Rajapakse and Munehiro Tanaka
Cost-effective design of home energy management system with PV-wind and battery storage in a grid-tied microgrid, Md Mamun Ur Rashid, Jiefeng Hu, Md Alamgir Hossain, Md Shafiul Alam, Ismot Tasmary Salsabil, and Bo Long
Wuthuga (dugong) population status in Gathaagudu (Shark Bay) sea country, Holly Raudino, Amanda Hodgson, Chris Cleguer, Kym Reeve, Molly Moustaka, Osmar Luiz, Simone Strydom, Kathy Murray, Neilisha Oakley, Tariq McDonald, Abby Leyendekkers, Jay Hayes, Marlee Hutton, Julian A. Tyne, and Kelly Waples
Determining the mental wellbeing of family day care educators in Australia, Theresa Rayfield, Ruth Wallace, Karen Lombardi, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, and Brennen Mills
Assessment of thickness-dependent recombination mechanisms and realistic performance limits in CsBi₃I₁₀ lead-free perovskite solar cells, Samiul Sadek, Ayan Saha, Jegadesan Subbiah, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Junaebur Rashid, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Gufran Umar Alam Shaikh, Wan Zulhafizhazuan Bin Wan Jusoh, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, and Mohd Adib Ibrahim
Repercussion of sulfur-doping on surface morphology and charge transport in Cs₃Bi₂I₉ perovskite inverted solar cells, Samiul Sadek, Jegadesan Subbiah, Mohammed Islam Elsmani, K. Sobayel, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Ziqi Liang, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, and Mohd Adib Ibrahim
WEViT: Weight-entangled vision transformers with class-specific attention for weakly supervised semantic segmentation, Narges Saeedizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Jafar Jalali, Burhan Khan, and Shady Mohamed
Why is cyber espionage one of the top threats to Australia’s national security?, Munir Saeed, Mohiuddin Ahmed, and Abu S.S.M. Barkat Ullah
Soil erosion and vegetation succession in the alpine zone, Aroona Saleem, Muhammad Ammar Javed, Affan Afzal, and Baber Ali
Digital literacy and the challenge for NIST compliance in developing economies, Premankit Sannd, David M. Cook, Menaka L. Godakanda, Efrancia Mobegi, and Derani Dissanayake
Aluminium based hydrotalcite like compounds for direct lithium extraction: A critical review on crystallography and structure selectivity design, Amin Sarmadi, Yasaman Boroumand, Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi, Magdalena Wajrak, Shayan Abrishami, Matthew Myers, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar, and Amir Razmjou
Prevalent vertebral fracture (PVFx) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) independently predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in older men, John T. Schousboe, R. Lewis, Lisa Langsetmo, Afsah Saleem, S. Zulqarnain Gilani, Zaid Ilyas, Pawel Szulc, William D. Leslie, and Kristine E. Ensrud
Ellagic acid reduces inulin's adverse effects: A combined approach to enhance therapeutic potential in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Tharani Senavirathna, Shafaei, Ricky Lareu, and Lois Balmer
Synergistic interfaces in carbon nanotube–metal oxide composites: Unlocking next-generation hydrogen storage capabilities, B. V.N. Sewwandi, Mohammad Khairul Basher, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Mongi Amami, Rajesh Haldhar, and M. Khalid Hossain
A metabolite-dependent mechanism by which Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis promotes Bacteroides colonization, Khashayar Shahin, Liang Wang, Zihan He, Bomin Lv, Arya Van Alin, Richard Lo-Man, Hao Wu, Philippe Sansonetti, and Jean Marc Collard
Defining varus thrust assessment and measurement: A scoping review, Haonan Shen, Nicole D'Souza, Claire E. Hiller, Marnee J. McKay, Kun Hu, Zhiyong Wang, and Milena Simic
The prevalence of varus thrust: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Haonan Shen, Nicole D'Souza, Claire E. Hiller, Marnee J. McKay, Kun Hu, Zhiyong Wang, and Milena Simic
Near-field beamforming for covert wireless communications with finite blocklength, Tong Shen, Shihao Yan, Xiaobo Zhou, Guiyang Xia, and Feng Shu
OrthoEraser: Coupled-neuron orthogonal projection for concept erasure, Chuancheng Shi, Wenhua Wu, Fei Shen, Xiaogang Zhu, Kun Hu, and Zhiyong Wang
Autopsy ontology: Supporting semantics-based automated knowledge discovery for digital forensic artifacts, Leslie F. Sikos and Korol
Automated abdominal aortic calcification scores and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank imaging study, Marc Sim, James Webster, Cassandra Smith, Afsah Saleem, Syed Zulqarnain Gilani, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo, David Suter, Gemma Figtree, Anne Karine Lagendijk, Emma L. Duncan, Carl Schultz, Pawel Szulc, Joseph Hung, Wai H. Lim, Parminder Raina, Nicola P. Bondonno, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Douglas P. Kiel, Richard L. Prince, William D. Leslie, John P. Kemp, Nicholas C. Harvey, John T. Schousboe, and Joshua R. Lewis
The rise and fall of the world's greatest marine biodiversity hotspot, Alexandre C. Siqueira, Kiessling, Nussaïbah Raja, and David R. Bellwood
Applying the best-practice principles and evaluation criteria for effective EIA follow-up governance–a case study of Malta, Charlene Smith and Angus Morrison-Saunders
Extreme and marginal coral reefs and communities: A global synthesis, Marcelo O. Soares, Tyler B. Smith, Emma F. Camp, Verena Schoepf, Anne L. Gurgel, Mariany Oliveira, Alexandre C. Siqueira, Juliano Morais, Guilherme O. Longo, Mariana Bender, Bráulio A. Santos, Jessica Bleuel, and Emanuelle F. Rabelo
Development of Virtual Reality Learning Environments in science to engage secondary students in hazardous activities, Luke Spartalis
Getting edgy: Implications of fragmented seagrass meadows for fish assemblages, Simone Strydom, Kathy Murray, Molly Moustaka, Glenn Hyndes, and Shaun Wilson
Inpatient versus outpatient management of bilateral optic nerve head elevation presentation to a tertiary emergency department, Mengchen Suo, Johnny Lo, and Fred K. Chen